Were there Slaves in Elliott County

Richard "Dick" Watson, was, in bondage early in life but his master, a compassionate man, granted him freedom. Dick later purchased his own farm and is buried on the land he once owned.

walker vs. watson

Court of Appeals of Kentucky.

Jan. 29, 1913.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Elliott County.

Petitions by Jesse Walker and others to establish their rights as heirs of Richard Watson,
deceased. From a judgment denying Jesse Walker's claim, he appeals. Reversed, with directions.

SLAVES k14
356k14
Evidence, in an action to establish a claimant's rights as an heir to the estate of an ex- slave,
held to establish the relationship claimed.

SLAVES k14
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The strict rules of evidence will be relaxed in determining heirship among negroes during the
time of slavery.
*959 John M. Waugh and John G. Morris, both of Grayson, for appellant.

Jno. A. Gray, of Sandy Hook, for appellee.

TURNER, J.
In December, 1909, a negro man by the name of Richard or Dick Watson died in Elliott county, Ky.,
intestate, aged about 70 years. He had never married and lived alone. He had accumulated some 300
acres of valuable land, which he left at his death, together with several hundred dollars in
personal property. An administrator was duly appointed and instituted this action to settle his
estate. Two sets of claimants appeared in the action and filed pleadings claiming to be heirs at
law of Watson; the appellant, Jesse Walker, claiming to be his only brother, and the other
parties, Burgess and others, claiming to be his brothers and sisters, or their heirs. The lower
court by its judgment found that neither set of claimants had by preponderance of evidence
established their claims, and entered a judgment against both. Burgess and others appealed from
that judgment, and the same was affirmed by this court as to them (Burgess et al. v. Walker et
al., 145 Ky. 559, 140 S. W. 1041); but the court in the opinion expressly left open the question
whether appellant, Walker, had established his claim.

Appellant asserts that the proper name of Richard Watson was Richard Walker, and that he and
Richard Walker were each the children of Jesse and Eliza Walker, who were slaves owned by John
Walker, who lived at the mouth of Mill creek on Troublesome creek, now in Knott county, Ky. It
was asserted by the other set of claimants that Richard Watson's proper name was Richard Wallace,
and that he was the son of Mariah Wallace of Lawrence county, Ky.; it not being claimed that
there was any relationship between the Wallace claimants and the Walker claimant.

[1] The claim of the Wallace's having been disposed of, it only remains to be seen whether
appellant, Jesse Walker, has established his relationship to Richard Watson. Appellant testified
that he was born in 1844 or 1845 on Troublesome creek, and that he was then owned by John Walker,
a white man who lived at that place, and that he was the son of Jesse and Eliza Walker, who were
owned by John Walker, and that he had three brothers, Dick, Bill, and John, and four sisters,
Susie, Milla, Crecie, and Adeline, all owned by John Walker. He says about the year 1860 he
(appellant) was given by John Walker to his son Aleck Walker, who took him to Carter county,
where he has ever since lived; that he was small when his brother Richard was sold about 1848 or
1849, and taken away; that his mother, brothers, and sisters were all sold and taken away at the
same time, except himself and his brother Bill; that, being small, he did not remember who had
bought him; that he had never seen his mother but once since, which was about five years before
the giving of his deposition, having finally located her in Tennessee; and that his mother told
him that either Fred Moore or Bob Bates had brought Dick, and that the last she heard of him he
was living with Rolla Watson in Elliott county, who had gotten him from Virginia. He says that
Dick was the oldest child and that there were two girls between him and Dick.

John H. Flanery, an ex-superintendent of schools of Elliott county, states that he knew Dick
Watson, and while witness was running a store in Elliott county Dick frequently traded with him,
and he talked to him, and that Dick told him his right name was Walker,*960 and that was the name
of the man that formerly owned him.

Lewis E. Ferguson states that he is a resident of Elliott county and knew Dick Watson and was
friendly with him, and was present when one of the Wallace negroes claimed to be his brother, and
Dick said he had a brother, but that was not the man.

Andy Adkins states, in substance, the same things, and, in addition, that Dick told him he
remembered being at Fred Moore's when he was a chunk of a boy, but did not remember what he said
about how he came to be there.

Morge Baldridge states that he was 70 years old and was born and raised in Floyd county; that he
knew John Walker, who lived on Troublesome creek, and was acquainted with the Walker family; that
he knew the colored woman named Eliza that belonged to John Walker; that she was the mother of
three boys, Dick, Jesse, and Will; that she also had a girl; that Dick and the girl were sold and
taken away, and his recollection is that Dick was the oldest boy; that about 10 years previous to
giving his deposition he met Dick Watson in Grayson, Ky., which was the first time he had seen
him since they were children; that Dick told him that he lived on Newcomb creek in Elliott
county, that he was born a slave of John Walker on Troublesome creek, and that he spoke of this
in the conversation, and that made the witness know that he was Dick Walker that he had known
when he was a boy; that he wanted witness to go home with him, but he did not go; that he was
present when Jesse Walker was given by John Walker to his son Aleck Walker; that Aleck thereafter
brought Jesse to Carter county; that the other brother Will was given to Jim Walker; that Jesse
and Dick resembled each other; but that Dick was a little darker than Jesse and not quite so
tall.

Lewis Higgins, colored, states that he knew John Walker, and that he knew Taller Dick Combs and
his mother, Alcey Combs; that Alcey had a boy named Jesse, but he was not the same man as Jesse
Walker; that Alcey's son Jesse was very light in color; that Alcey herself was very light in
color; that Jesse Walker's mother was a very dark woman; that appellant only had two brothers,
Dick and Bill.

Amanda Higgins, colored, states: That she was raised in Letcher county, and was owned by a man by
the name of France and then by a man named Stamper. She knew Taller Dick Combs, Jesse Combs, and
the other Combs. That their mother and Jesse Walker's mother were different women, and that her
information was that Jesse Walker had a brother named Dick and a brother named Bill, who were
very dark. That she was a small girl when she first got to going to John Walker's, and that she
knew all these boys and had danced with them all.

Thomas Frances says that Taller Dick Combs' brother Jesse was killed in Perry county in the
French and Eversole War.

John Watson states he is a son of Rolla Watson; that after the death of Rolla Watson some of his
father's papers came into his possession; that among them was a bill of sale for a boy named
Richard, 10 years of age, given by a man named Prater to his father, but that the paper was now
lost; that Jesse Walker and Dick Watson resembled each other, although Dick was darker than
Jesse.

R. J. Ferguson says that he knew Dick Watson and Jesse Walker, and that they resembled each
other, but Dick was darker than Jesse.

Sallie Ferguson states: That she is a stepdaughter of Rolla Watson, and lived in his home with
him, and frequently read papers to him; that Rolla Watson, Sr., could not read writing very well,
and she remembers of reading to him, among other things, the bill of sale, the paper which he
referred to as the "deed for Dick." The paper was in the shape of a deed or something like that,
and was from a man by the name of Jim Prater to Rolla Watson, and assigned to Watson a negro boy
named Richard. That the negro women at Rolla Watson's called Dick Watson, "Dick Walker." That the
negro woman Lou told her that Dick said that, if he knew his brother Jesse only had two children,
he would go and get him to live with him, and that Lou told him that Mr. Watson did not want a
colored family there.

Nancy Watson states that she is the wife of Rolla Watson, Jr., the son of Rolla Watson, Sr., and
lived in the house with Rolla Watson, Sr.; that Rolla Watson, Sr., told her that he got Dick from
a man named Prater; that they first called him Walker and afterwards Watson; and that Rolla
Watson, Sr., told her that his name was Walker.

Ruben Ison states that he knew Dick Watson in Elliott county, and lived near him and saw him
every week for about 14 years; that Dick told him his name was Walker; that they brought him to
Fred Moore's place and he stayed there two or three weeks; that witness was present when one of
the Wallace negroes claimed to be Dick Watson's brother; and that Dick told him that he had a
brother, but that he was not the man.

R. Tipton states that he is a minister of the gospel, and has been acquainted with Jesse Walker
for 33 years, and that he knew Rolla Watson of Elliott county, and saw a negro man at his home,
and that the man he saw at Rolla Watson's was very much like appellant in stature and appearance,
and that their disposition and temperament as to truthfulness, trustworthiness, and honesty were
about the same, but that Dick Watson was darker in color than Jesse Walker.

*961 E. L. Hicks states that he knew Jesse Walker, Sr., and Eliza Walker; that they were the
parents of Dick and Jesse Walker; that he played with Dick when they were boys, and Dick was sold
and taken away when he was young; that he afterwards met Dick in Elliott county and renewed their
acquaintance; and that Dick referred to circumstances which happened in their boyhood, and also
told him that he had learned that his brother Jesse lived near Morehead or Soldier, and that when
he saw him (Jesse) to tell him where he (Dick) was, and that he wanted to see him.

It appears that the characters of Ison and Hicks have been more or less successfully attacked in
this record; but it is fair to state that all of the material statements in Ison's testimony are
substantially corroborated by other witnesses, and many of the statements in Hicks' testimony.

The above was in substance all the evidence introduced by appellant to establish the identity of
Richard Watson and the relationship between them. As opposed to this, James Combs, of color, was
introduced, who stated that he was 57 years of age in 1910, and that Jesse Walker was his father,
and Alcey Combs was his mother; that Jesse Walker belonged to John Walker, who lived on
Troublesome creek; that Alcey was Jesse Walker's first wife; that they had four boys and one
girl, and all of Alcey's children went by the name of Combs because she was owned by a man named
Jerry Combs; that their names were James, William, Jesse, and Ison; that Ison was called Dick for
short; that Dick went by the name of Taller Dick Combs, and was large and very light in color,
and had been dead about two years, and was close to 50 years old when he died; that after his
mother, Alcey, died, Jesse Combs, his father, married a woman by the name of Eliza Combs, who was
bought by John Walker from a man by the name of Combs just previous to their marriage; that Jesse
and Eliza had two boys, Jesse and Will; that Jesse lived in Roman or Carter county, and will
lives in Leslie county; that his father also had another son by his last wife named John Willie
Walker, who lives in Tennessee.

Jack Combs, of color, states that he was 63 years of age in 1910; that he knew John Walker, who
lived on Troublesome creek; that he was the owner of a colored man by the name of Jesse Walker;
that Jesse had a son named Jesse Walker about his own age, who was given by John Walker to his
son Aleck Walker, who moved to Carter or Rowan county a while before the Civil War; that Jesse
Walker, Sr., married Alcey Combs, and they had six children, but one died young; that James Combs
and Taller Dick Combs were Jesse Walker's sons by his first wife, Alcey Combs; that Jesse Walker,
Sr., married a colored woman by the name of Eliza, and they had some children that went by the
name of Walker, being two sons named Jesse and Will; that Jesse Walker, Sr., had no son named
Dick other than Taller Dick Combs; that Taller Dick Combs was a man of large build and weighed
about 200 pounds and was very light in color.

William Combs, of color, states that he was 72 years of age in 1910; that he knew John Walker,
who lived on Troublesome creek, well; that he owned a negro man by the name of Jesse Walker, Sr.,
and he had a son, who was about the age of the witness, or hardly so old, who was taken to Rowan
or Carter county by Aleck Walker, son of John Walker; that Jesse Walker, Sr., married Alcey
Combs, and they had six children, one of whom died when she was young; that Jesse Walker, Sr.,
also had children by his wife Eliza, and they always went by the name of Walker, being two sons,
Jesse and Will; that Jesse Walker, Sr., never had any son named Dick except Taller Dick Combs.

For some reason which does not appear, the three last-named witnesses were not cross- examined.

Three old residents of Elliott county, Lester, Hutchinson, and Mason, aged from 70 to 78 years,
testified in substance that they remembered when Dick was brought to Elliott county by Rolla
Watson; that it was their understanding that he was brought there in 1848 or 1849 from Fred
Moore's place; or that Fred Moore in some way was connected with the bringing of Dick to Elliott
county by Rolla Watson; and that Dick was at that time from 7 to 10 years of age, and a black
negro with no indication of being of mixed blood.

It appears that Col. Frederick Moore was a resident of Virginia, now West Virginia, immediately
across the Big Sandy river from Louisa in Lawrence county, in this state, and that he had
property on both sides of the river.

Let us first analyze the testimony of the three Combs negroes and see what value it has in
determining whether there was a Dick Walker, and, if so, whether he was a brother of the
appellant. James Combs, colored, states that he was 57 years of age in 1910, and must therefore
have been born in 1853, five years after the boy Dick is said to have been sold at John Walker's
sale of slaves on Troublesome creek. This effectually disposes of his testimony. Jack Combs,
colored, states that he was 63 years of age in 1910, and was therefore born in 1847, and was
consequently a suckling infant in 1848 when Dick Walker is said to have been sold from the farm
of John Walker, and this would seem to destroy the value of his testimony as to whether there was
such a boy as Dick Walker, and as to who his father and mother were, unless indeed he was a
marvelously precocious infant. Wm. Combs, colored, 72 *962 years of age in 1910, and consequently
was born in 1838, states that Jesse Walker, Sr., had no son named Dick by Eliza; but it does not
appear where this witness was born and raised and what opportunity he had in his youth to know
whether there was such a boy a Dick Walker born to Jesse and Eliza. So we have the statement of
appellant and two other witnesses that he was the full brother of Dick Watson, and that Jesse
Walker, Sr., and Eliza were their parents; we have the statement of Dick himself made to numerous
persons that his name was owner was Walker; we have the statement from members of Rolla Watson's
family that Dick was first called Walker when he was brought there, and that Rolla Watson said
his name was Walker when he bought him; we have the statement of appellant's mother, made to him
a few years before this suit was brought, that her son Dick was sold in 1848 to a man named Fred
Moore or Bob Bates and taken to Virginia; we have the fact that Frederick Moore owned a farm in
Virginia; we have the fact that Dick said to several persons that he stayed a short time at the
farm of Frederick Moore and was then brought to Elliott county; we have the statement from one of
the witnesses that Dick had heard of his brother Jesse, recognized him as his brother, and sent
messages to him; we have the statement of a member of Rolla Watson's family that one of the
negroes had said that Dick had told her, if he thought his brother Jesse did not have more than
two children, he would send for him to come and live with him; we have abundance of evidence that
Dick and appellant were very much alike in appearance as well as characteristics and disposition;
we have the evidence of three old men of Elliott county that Dick was brought there by Rolla
Watson in 1848, which corresponds perfectly with the statement of other witnesses that he was
sold in 1848 and taken to Virginia where he stayed a short time before being brought to Elliott
county. And opposed to all this is only the bare statement of one witness, William Combs,
colored, who states that Jesse Walker and Eliza had no son named Dick; and this witness was not
cross-examined, and failed to disclose in his deposition his opportunities for knowing in his
youth about the family of Jesse Walker, Jr.

[2] When we take into the estimate the well-known difficulty of producing evidence of
relationship among negroes during the time of slavery, the immoral habits that obtained among
them in their sexual relations, and the great lapse of time--more than 60 years --it is
surprising that appellant has been able to produce such satisfactory evidence. Under the
circumstances of this case, and considering the great difficulty in tracing relationship under
such conditions, and the long lapse of time, the strict rules of evidence must, in a large
measure, be relaxed, and we have therefore considered in this case some evidence, which under
different conditions would be entitled to little weight.

Upon the whole case, we have determined, after careful scrutiny and analysis of the evidence,
that the appellant has established the relationship between himself and Dick Watson or Walker as
claimed in his pleadings, and the judgment is therefore reversed, with instructions to so
adjudge. But we are not satisfied from the record that appellant is the only heir at law of
Richard Watson or Walker, and, before there is a final disposition of the case, the other heirs
at law, if any, will be brought before the court.